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How to Install Ntbackup on Windows Server 2008 R2

Server operating system by Microsoft released in 2008

Windows Server 2008
A version of the Windows NT operating system
Windows logo - 2006.svg
Windows Server 2008.png

Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 showing the Server Manager application which is automatically opened when an administrator logs on.
Developer Microsoft
OS family Microsoft Windows
Source model
  • Closed-source
  • Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Released to
manufacturing		 February 4, 2008; 13 years ago  (2008-02-04) [1]
General
availability		 February 27, 2008; 13 years ago  (2008-02-27) [1]
Latest release Service Pack 2 with March 19, 2019 or later update rollup (6.0.6003)[2] / March 19, 2019; 2 years ago  (2019-03-19)
Marketing target Business
Update method Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services, SCCM
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, Itanium
Kernel type Hybrid (Windows NT kernel)
Default
user interface		 Windows shell (Graphical)
License Proprietary commercial software
Preceded by Windows Server 2003 (2003)
Succeeded by Windows Server 2008 R2 (2009)
Official website Windows Server 2008
Support status
Mainstream support ended on January 13, 2015[3]
Extended support ended on January 14, 2020[4]
Windows Server 2008 is eligible for the ESU (Extended Security Updates) program. This program allows volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system for at least 1, 2, or 3 years (or free for Windows Virtual Desktop users) until at most January 10, 2023 only for Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter volume licensed editions.[5] [6] [7]
Articles in the series
  • Features new to Windows Vista
  • Features removed from Windows Vista
  • Development of Windows Vista

Windows Server 2008 is the fourth release of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of the operating systems, based on Windows Vista. It was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and generally to retail on February 27, 2008. Windows Server 2008 is the successor of Windows Server 2003, which is derived from the Windows XP codebase, released nearly five years earlier.

History [edit]

Originally known as Windows Server Codename "Longhorn", Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced its official title (Windows Server 2008) during his keynote address at WinHEC 16 May 2007.[8]

Beta 1 was released on July 27, 2005; Beta 2 was announced and released on May 23, 2006, at WinHEC 2006 and Beta 3 was released publicly on April 25, 2007.[9] Release Candidate 0 was released to the general public on September 24, 2007[10] and Release Candidate 1 was released to the general public on December 5, 2007. Windows Server 2008 was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and officially launched on 27th of that month.[11]

Features [edit]

Windows Server 2008 is built from the same codebase as Windows Vista and thus it shares much of the same architecture and functionality. Since the codebase is common, Windows Server 2008 inherits most of the technical, security, management and administrative features new to Windows Vista such as the rewritten networking stack (native IPv6, native wireless, speed and security improvements); improved image-based installation, deployment and recovery; improved diagnostics, monitoring, event logging and reporting tools; new security features such as BitLocker and address space layout randomization (ASLR); the improved Windows Firewall with secure default configuration; .NET Framework 3.0 technologies, specifically Windows Communication Foundation, Microsoft Message Queuing and Windows Workflow Foundation; and the core kernel, memory and file system improvements. Processors and memory devices are modeled as Plug and Play devices to allow hot-plugging of these devices. This allows the system resources to be partitioned dynamically using dynamic hardware partitioning - each partition has its own memory, processor and I/O host bridge devices independent of other partitions.[12]

Server Core [edit]

Windows Server 2008 includes a variation of installation called Server Core. Server Core is a significantly scaled-back installation where no Windows Explorer shell is installed. It also lacks .NET Framework, Internet Explorer, Windows PowerShell, and many other non-essential features. All configuration and maintenance is done entirely through command-line interface windows, or by connecting to the machine remotely using Microsoft Management Console (MMC). Notepad and some Control Panel applets, such as Regional Settings, are available.

A Server Core installation can be configured for several basic roles, including the domain controller (Active Directory Domain Services), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (formerly known as Active Directory Application Mode[13]), DNS Server, DHCP server, file server, print server, Windows Media Server, Internet Information Services 7 web server and Hyper-V virtual server roles. Server Core can also be used to create a cluster with high availability using failover clustering or network load balancing.

Andrew Mason, a program manager on the Windows Server team, noted that a primary motivation for producing a Server Core variant of Windows Server 2008 was to reduce the attack surface of the operating system, and that about 70% of the security vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows from the prior five years would not have affected Server Core.[14]

Active Directory [edit]

The Active Directory domain functionality that was retained from Windows Server 2003 was renamed to Active Directory Domain Services (ADDS).[15]

  • Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) enables enterprises to share credentials with trusted partners and customers, allowing a consultant to use their company user name and password to log in on a client's network.
  • Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS), (formerly Active Directory Application Mode, or ADAM)
  • Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) allow administrators to manage user accounts and the digital certificates that allow them to access certain services and systems. Identity Integration Feature Pack is included as Active Directory Metadirectory Services.
  • Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS)
  • Read-only domain controllers (RODCs), intended for use in branch office or other scenarios where a domain controller may reside in a low physical security environment. The RODC holds a non-writeable copy of Active Directory, and redirects all write attempts to a full domain controller. It replicates all accounts except sensitive ones.[16] In RODC mode, credentials are not cached by default. Also, local administrators can be designated to log on to the machine to perform maintenance tasks without requiring administrative rights on the entire domain.[17]
  • Restartable Active Directory allows ADDS to be stopped and restarted from the Management Console or the command-line without rebooting the domain controller. This reduces downtime for offline operations and reduces overall DC servicing requirements with Server Core. ADDS is implemented as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008.
  • All of the Group Policy improvements from Windows Vista are included. Group Policy Management Console (GPMC) is built-in. The Group Policy objects are indexed for search and can be commented on.[18]
  • Policy-based networking with Network Access Protection, improved branch management and enhanced end user collaboration. Policies can be created to ensure greater quality of service for certain applications or services that require prioritization of network bandwidth between client and server.
  • Granular password settings within a single domain - ability to implement different password policies for administrative accounts on a "group" and "user" basis, instead of a single set of password settings to the whole domain.

Failover Clustering [edit]

Windows Server 2008 offers high availability to services and applications through Failover Clustering. Most server features and roles can be kept running with little to no downtime.

In Windows Server 2008, the way clusters are qualified changed significantly with the introduction of the cluster validation wizard.[19] The cluster validation wizard is a feature that is integrated into failover clustering in Windows Server 2008. With the cluster validation wizard, an administrator can run a set of focused tests on a collection of servers that are intended to use as nodes in a cluster. This cluster validation process tests the underlying hardware and software directly, and individually, to obtain an accurate assessment of how well failover clustering can be supported on a given configuration.

This feature is only available in Enterprise and Datacenter editions of Windows Server.

Disk management and file storage [edit]

  • The ability to resize hard disk partitions without stopping the server, even the system partition. This applies only to simple and spanned volumes, not to striped volumes.
  • Shadow Copy based block-level backup which supports optical media, network shares and Windows Recovery Environment.
  • DFS enhancements - SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-only Folder Replication Member. There is also support for domain-based DFS namespaces that exceed the previous size recommendation of 5,000 folders with targets in a namespace.[20]
  • Several improvements to Failover Clustering (high-availability clusters).[21]
  • Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) enables central registration, deregistration and queries for iSCSI hard drives.
  • Self-healing NTFS: In Windows versions prior to Windows Vista, if the operating system detected corruption in the file system of an NTFS volume, it marked the volume "dirty"; to correct errors on the volume, it had to be taken offline. With self-healing NTFS, an NTFS worker thread is spawned in the background which performs a localized fix-up of damaged data structures, with only the corrupted files/folders remaining unavailable without locking out the entire volume and needing the server to be taken down. S.M.A.R.T. detection techniques were added to help determine when a hard disk may fail.[22]

Hyper-V [edit]

Hyper-V is hypervisor-based virtualization software, forming a core part of Microsoft's virtualization strategy. It virtualizes servers on an operating system's kernel layer. It can be thought of as partitioning a single physical server into multiple small computational partitions. Hyper-V includes the ability to act as a Xen virtualization hypervisor host allowing Xen-enabled guest operating systems to run virtualized.[23] A beta version of Hyper-V shipped with certain x86-64 editions of Windows Server 2008, prior to Microsoft's release of the final version of Hyper-V on 26 June 2008 as a free download. Also, a standalone variant of Hyper-V exists; this variant supports only x86-64 architecture.[24] While the IA-32 editions of Windows Server 2008 cannot run or install Hyper-V, they can run the MMC snap-in for managing Hyper-V.

Windows System Resource Manager [edit]

Windows System Resource Manager (WSRM) is integrated into Windows Server 2008. It provides resource management and can be used to control the amount of resources a process or a user can use based on business priorities. Process Matching Criteria, which is defined by the name, type or owner of the process, enforces restrictions on the resource usage by a process that matches the criteria. CPU time, bandwidth that it can use, number of processors it can be run on, and allocated to a process can be restricted. Restrictions can be set to be imposed only on certain dates as well.

Server Manager [edit]

Server Manager is a new roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008.[25] It is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard from Windows Server 2003. Server Manager is an improvement of the Configure my server dialog that launches by default on Windows Server 2003 machines. However, rather than serve only as a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager gathers together all of the operations users would want to conduct on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, portal-like view about the status of each role.[26]

Protocol and cryptography [edit]

  • Support for 128- and 256-bit AES encryption for the Kerberos authentication protocol.
  • New cryptography (CNG) API which supports elliptic curve cryptography and improved certificate management.
  • Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol, a new Microsoft proprietary VPN protocol.
  • AuthIP, a Microsoft proprietary extension of the IKE cryptographic protocol used in IPsec VPN networks.
  • Server Message Block 2.0 protocol in the new TCP/IP stack provides a number of communication enhancements, including greater performance when connecting to file shares over high-latency links and better security through the use of mutual authentication and message signing.

Miscellaneous [edit]

  • Fully componentized operating system.
  • Improved hot patching, a feature that allows non-kernel patches to occur without the need for a reboot.
  • Support for being booted from Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)-compliant firmware on x86-64 systems.
  • Dynamic Hardware Partitioning supports hot-addition or replacement of processors and memory, on capable hardware.
  • Windows Deployment Services (WDS) replacing Automated Deployment Services Windows Server 2008 home entertainment and Remote Installation Services. Windows Deployment Services supports an enhanced multicast feature when deploying operating system images.[27]
  • Internet Information Services 7 - Increased security, Robocopy deployment, improved diagnostic tools, delegated administration.
  • Windows Internal Database, a variant of SQL Server Express 2005, which serves as a common storage back-end for several other components such as Windows System Resource Manager, Windows SharePoint Services and Windows Server Update Services. It is not intended to be used by third-party applications.
  • An optional "desktop experience" component provides the same Windows Aero user interface as Windows Vista, both for local users, as well as remote users connecting through Remote Desktop.

Removed features [edit]

  • The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol component in Routing and Remote Access Service was removed.[28]
  • Services for Macintosh, which provided file and print sharing via the now deprecated AppleTalk protocol, has been removed. Services for Macintosh were initially removed in Windows XP but were available in Windows Server 2003.[28]
  • NTBackup is replaced by Windows Server Backup, and no longer supports backing up to tape drives.[29] As a result of NTBackup removal, Exchange Server 2007 does not have volume snapshot backup functionality; however Exchange Server 2007 SP2 adds back an Exchange backup plug-in for Windows Server Backup which restores partial functionality.[30] Windows Small Business Server and Windows Essential Business Server both include this Exchange backup component.[31]
  • The POP3 service has been removed from Internet Information Services 7.0.[32] The SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) service is not available as a server role in IIS 7.0, it is a server feature managed through IIS 6.0.
  • NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) is no longer part of Internet Information Services 7.0.
  • ReadyBoost, which is available in Windows Vista, is not supported in Windows Server 2008.

Editions [edit]

Installation disc of Enterprise edition (beta 3)

Most editions of Windows Server 2008 are available in x86-64 and IA-32 variants. These editions come in two DVDs: One for installing the IA-32 variant and the other for x64. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems supports IA-64 processors. The IA-64 variant is optimized for high-workload scenarios like database servers and Line of Business (LOB) applications. As such, it is not optimized for use as a file server or media server. Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system.[33] Editions of Windows Server 2008 include:[34]

  • Windows Server 2008 Foundation (codenamed "Lima"; x86-64) for OEMs only[35]
  • Windows Server 2008 Standard (IA-32 and x86-64)
  • Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (IA-32 and x86-64)
  • Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (IA-32 and x86-64)
  • Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems (IA-64)
  • Windows Web Server 2008 (IA-32 and x86-64)
  • Windows HPC Server 2008 (codenamed "Socrates"; replacing Windows Compute Cluster Server)
  • Windows Storage Server 2008 (codenamed "Magni"; IA-32 and x86-64)
  • Windows Small Business Server 2008 (codenamed "Cougar"; x86-64) for small businesses
  • Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (codenamed "Centro"; x86-64) for medium-sized businesses[36] - this edition was discontinued in 2010.[37]

The Microsoft Imagine program, known as DreamSpark at the time, used to provide verified students with the 32-bit variant of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition, but the version has since then been removed. However, they still provide the R2 release.

The Server Core feature is available in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter editions.

Windows Server 2008 Foundation Released on May 21, 2009.[38]

Updates [edit]

Windows Server 2008 shares most of its updates with Windows Vista due to being based on its codebase that initially included Vista's Service Pack 1 level.

Service Pack 2 [edit]

Due to the operating system being based on the same codebase as Windows Vista and being released on the same day as the initial release of Windows Vista Service Pack 1, the RTM release of Windows Server 2008 already includes Service Pack 1.

Service Pack 2 was initially announced on October 24, 2008[39] and released on May 26, 2009. Service Pack 2 added new features, such as Windows Search 4.0, support for Bluetooth 2.1, the ability to write to Blu-ray discs, and simpler Wi-Fi configuration. Windows Server 2008 specifically received the final release of Hyper-V 1.0, improved backwards compatibility with Terminal Server license keys and an approximate 10% reduction in power usage with this service pack.[40]

Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 share the same service pack update binary because the codebases of the two operating systems are unified - Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 are the first Microsoft client and server operating systems to share the same codebase since the release of Windows 2000.[41] The predecessors to Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, had unique codebases that used their own updates and service packs.

Platform Update [edit]

On October 27, 2009, Microsoft released the Platform Update for Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista. It backports several APIs and libraries introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, including the Ribbon API, DirectX 11, the XPS library, the Windows Automation API and the Portable Device Platform.[42] A supplemental update was released in 2011 to provide improvements and bug fixes.[43]

Internet Explorer 9 [edit]

Windows Server 2008 shipped with Internet Explorer 7, the same version that shipped with Windows Vista. The latest compatible version of the browser with Windows Server 2008 is Internet Explorer 9, released in 2011. Internet Explorer 9 was continually updated with cumulative monthly update rollups until support for Internet Explorer 9 on Windows Server 2008 ended on January 14, 2020.[44]

.NET Framework [edit]

The latest supported version of the .NET Framework officially is version 4.6, released on October 15, 2015.[45]

TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support [edit]

In July 2017, Microsoft released an update to add TLS 1.1 and 1.2 support to Windows Server 2008, however it is disabled by default after installing the update.[46]

SHA-2 signing support [edit]

Starting in March 2019, Microsoft began transitioning to exclusively signing Windows updates with the SHA-3 algorithm. As a result of this Microsoft released several updates throughout 2019 to add SHA-2 signing support to Windows Server 2008.[47]

Monthly update rollups [edit]

In June 2018, Microsoft announced that they would be moving Windows Server 2008 to a monthly update model beginning with updates released in September 2018[48] - two years after Microsoft switched the rest of their supported operating systems to that model.[49]

With the new update model, instead of updates being released as they became available, only two update packages were released on the second Tuesday of every month until Windows Server 2008 reached its end of life - one package containing security and quality updates, and a smaller package that contained only the security updates. Users could choose which package they wanted to install each month. Later in the month, another package would be released which was a preview of the next month's security and quality update rollup.

Installing the preview rollup package released for Windows Server 2008 on March 19, 2019, or any later released rollup package, will update the operating system kernel's build number from version 6.0.6002 to 6.0.6003. This change was made so Microsoft could continue to service the operating system while avoiding "version-related issues".[50]

The last non-extended security update rollup packages were released on January 14, 2020, the last day that Windows Server 2008 had extended support.[51]

Extended Security Updates [edit]

Windows Server 2008 is eligible for the Extended Security Updates program. This program allows volume license customers to purchase, in yearly installments, security updates for the operating system until at most January 10, 2023. The licenses are paid for on a per-machine basis. If a user purchases an Extended Security Updates license in a later year of the program, they must pay for any previous years of Extended Security Updates as well. Extended Security Updates are released only as they become available.[5]

Windows Server 2008 R2 [edit]

A second release of Windows Server 2008, called the Windows 7-based Windows Server 2008 R2 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009[52] and became generally available on October 22, 2009.[53] New features added in Windows Server 2008 R2 include new virtualization features, new Active Directory features, Internet Information Services 7.5 and support for up to 256 logical processors. It is the first server operating system by Microsoft to exclusively support 64-bit processors.

System requirements [edit]

System requirements for Windows Server 2008 are as follows:

Criteria 2008 2008 R2
Minimum[54] Recommended[54] Minimum[55] Recommended[55]
CPU
  • 1 GHz (IA-32)
  • 1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium)
 2 GHz or faster 1.4 GHz (x86-64 or Itanium) 2 GHz or faster
RAM 512 MB 2 GB or greater 512 MB 2 GB or greater
HDD[a]
  • Other editions, 32-bit: 20 GB
  • Other editions, 64-bit: 32 GB
  • Foundation: 10 GB[56]
40 GB or greater
  • Foundation: 10 GB
  • Other editions: 32 GB
  • Foundation: 10 GB or greater
  • Other editions: 32 GB or greater
Devices DVD drive, 800 × 600 or higher display, keyboard and mouse

Scalability [edit]

Windows Server 2008 supports the following maximum hardware specifications:[57] [58] [59]

Specification Windows Server 2008 SP2 Windows Server 2008 R2
Physical processors
("sockets")[58]
  • Standard: 4
  • Enterprise: 8
  • Datacenter: 32
  • Standard: 4
  • Enterprise: 8
  • Datacenter: 64
Logical processors
when Hyper-V is disabled[58]
  • IA-32: 32
  • x64: 64
 256
Logical processors
when Hyper-V is enabled[58]
  • IA-32: N/A
  • x64: 24
 64
Memory
on IA-32[59]
  • Standard, Web: 4 GB
  • Enterprise, Datacenter: 64 GB
 N/A
Memory
on x64[59]
  • Standard, Web: 32 GB
  • HPC: 128 GB
  • Enterprise, Datacenter: 1 TB
  • Foundation: 8 GB
  • Standard, Web: 32 GB
  • HPC: 128 GB
  • Enterprise, Datacenter: 2 TB
Memory
on Itanium[59] 		2 TB

See also [edit]

  • BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
  • Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
  • Comparison of operating systems
  • History of Microsoft Windows
  • List of operating systems
  • Microsoft Servers

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM require more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files[55]

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b "As Windows Server 2008 RTMs, Customers and Partners Adopting with Help of New Tools, Training". News Center. Redmond, WA: Microsoft. 4 February 2008.
  2. ^ "Build number changing to 6003 in Windows Server 2008". support.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  3. ^ Microsoft. "Windows Server 2008 Lifecycle Policy". Microsoft. Retrieved 2012-09-25 .
  4. ^ Microsoft. "Microsoft Support Lifecycle". Microsoft. Retrieved 2018-04-01 .
  5. ^ a b tfosmark. "Product Lifecycle FAQ - Extended Security Updates - Microsoft Lifecycle". docs.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  6. ^ "Extended Security Updates for SQL Server and Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 | Microsoft". www.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  7. ^ "Announcing new options for SQL Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 End of Support". azure.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  8. ^ Miller, Michael J. (2007-05-15). "Gates at WinHec 2007: Windows Server 2008, Rally, Home Server and More". Forward Thinking . Retrieved 2007-07-09 .
  9. ^ Lowe, David (2007-04-25). "Beta 3 is Go!". Windows Server Division WebLog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2007-04-25 .
  10. ^ Ralston, Ward (2007-09-24). "Windows Server 2008 Rc0 Released!". Windows Server Division WebLog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2007-09-24 .
  11. ^ Nate Mook (10 July 2007). "New Windows Server, Visual Studio, SQL Server to Launch in February". BetaNews. Retrieved 2007-07-11 . It is also commonly referred to as Vista Server
  12. ^ "Dynamic Hardware Partitioning Architecture". MSDN. Retrieved 2007-07-23 .
  13. ^ Archiveddocs. "Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services Overview". docs.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2020-01-15 .
  14. ^ "Iain McDonald and Andrew Mason show off the new Windows Server OS". Channel 9. Microsoft. May 24, 2006. Retrieved 2008-11-01 . 18:55
  15. ^ Hynes, Byron (November 2006). "The Future of Windows: Directory Services in Windows Server 2008". TechNet Magazine . Retrieved 2007-05-02 .
  16. ^ "Deploying Windows Server 2008 Read Only Domain Controllers". docs.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2020-01-15 .
  17. ^ "Q. What is a read-only domain controller (RODC)?". IT Pro. 2008-03-24. Retrieved 2020-01-15 .
  18. ^ Ward, Keith (2007-10-08). "Top 10 Overlooked Windows Server 2008 Features, Part 2". Redmond Developer News. Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-10-10 .
  19. ^ "Failover Cluster Validation Error 80070005 on Windows Server 2008 R2 x64". Capitalhead. 2009-11-04. Retrieved 2013-10-28 .
  20. ^ Zoeller, Jill (26 July 2007). "New in Windows Server 2008: Breaking the 5K Folder "Barrier" in Domain-Based Namespaces". The Storage Team at Microsoft - File Cabinet Blog. Microsoft. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  21. ^ "Failover Clustering with Windows Server 2008 including Cluster shared volumes". Microsoft. 2007-01-17. Retrieved 2007-07-09 .
  22. ^ Loveall, John (2006). "Storage improvements in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008" (PowerPoint). Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 2007-07-09 .
  23. ^ "Benchmarking Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 R2 x64". 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2010-01-28 .
  24. ^ "Microsoft Extends Virtualization Strategy, Outlines Product Road Map". Microsoft. 2006-05-22. Retrieved 2007-07-09 .
  25. ^ "Server Manager". Windows Server 2008 Technical Library. Microsoft TechNet. 2007-06-25. Retrieved 2007-05-02 .
  26. ^ "Unexpected error refreshing Server Manager-0x800706BE and 1601 on Window Server 2008 R2". Retrieved 2010-11-05 .
  27. ^ "Multicasting OS deployments with Windows Server 2008". Kevinsul's Management Blog. Microsoft. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  28. ^ a b "Removed technologies in Routing and Remote Access in Windows Server 2008". TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  29. ^ "Windows Server Backup Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server 2008". TechNet. Microsoft. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  30. ^ "Exchange Server 2007 Service Pack 2 available in Q3 2009". The Exchange Team Blog. 11 May 2009. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  31. ^ Bilic, Nino (18 June 2008). "To Backup or Not to Backup? Yes! To backup!!". The Exchange Team Blog . Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  32. ^ "IIS 7.0 Protocols". TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  33. ^ Heaton, Alex (2007-05-18). "On 64-bit and Windows Client". Windows Vista Team Blog . Retrieved 2007-07-09 .
  34. ^ "Windows Server 2008 Product Editions". Microsoft. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2007-07-09 .
  35. ^ "Windows Server 2008 Foundation: An Entry-Level Server Platform". Petri IT Knowledgebase. 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2014-01-08 .
  36. ^ Ligman, Eric (7 November 2007). "Announcing Windows Essential Business Server". Microsoft Small Business Blog. Microsoft. Retrieved 2013-08-16 .
  37. ^ "Windows Essential Business Server 2008". Technet.microsoft.com. 2010-12-31. Retrieved 2013-01-09 .
  38. ^ {{cite web|url= https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2008 | title=Windows Server 2008, Microsoft Lifecycle (Look at the Note below links) |website= https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/
  39. ^ Justin Graham (October 24, 2008). "Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 beta". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-10-29 .
  40. ^ "Tech ARP - ED#107 : Latest Details on Windows Vista Service Pack 2 Rev. 2.2". Archived from the original on 2009-02-12.
  41. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130509023652/https://blogs.windows.com/windows/archive/b/windowsvista/archive/2008/10/24/windows-vista-service-pack-2-beta.aspx
  42. ^ "Announcing Final Releases of Platform Update for Windows Vista Technologies". 27 October 2009.
  43. ^ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2117917/platform-update-supplement-for-windows-vista-and-for-windows-server-20
  44. ^ "Cumulative security update for Internet Explorer: January 14, 2020". support.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  45. ^ https://www.microsoft.com/en-au/download/details.aspx?id=48130
  46. ^ "TLS 1.2 Support added to Windows Server 2008". Microsoft Security. 2017-07-20. Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  47. ^ https://support.microsoft.com/en-hk/help/4472027/2019-sha-2-code-signing-support-requirement-for-windows-and-wsus
  48. ^ Mackie, Kurt; 06/13/2018. "Microsoft Switching Windows Server 2008 SP2 to Monthly Update Rollup Model -- Redmondmag.com". Redmondmag . Retrieved 2021-03-26 . CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  49. ^ "Community". forums.ivanti.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  50. ^ https://support.microsoft.com/en-au/help/4495374/build-number-changing-to-6003-in-windows-server-2008
  51. ^ "January 14, 2020—KB4534303 (Monthly Rollup)". support.microsoft.com . Retrieved 2021-03-26 .
  52. ^ "Windows Server 2008 R2 Reaches the RTM Milestone! - Windows Server Blog - Site Home - TechNet Blogs". Blogs.technet.com. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2013-01-09 .
  53. ^ "When to expect Windows Server 2008 R2 RTM - Windows Server Blog - Site Home - TechNet Blogs". Blogs.technet.com. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2013-01-09 .
  54. ^ a b "Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". 31 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-31 .
  55. ^ a b c "Microsoft Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". Microsoft.com. Retrieved 2013-01-09 .
  56. ^ "Microsoft Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". Microsoft. Retrieved 2013-01-09 .
  57. ^ Savill, John (October 28, 2011). "Q: What are Windows Server 8's Scalability Numbers?". Windows IT Pro. Penton Media. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  58. ^ a b c d Seldam, Matthijs ten (October 13, 2012). "Windows Server - Sockets, Logical Processors, Symmetric Multi Threading". Matthijs's blog. Microsoft. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  59. ^ a b c d "Memory Limits for Windows and Windows Server Releases". MSDN. Microsoft. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

Further reading [edit]

  • "What's New in Networking". TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  • "Changes in Functionality from Windows Server 2003 with SP1 to Windows Server 2008". TechNet. Microsoft. 21 January 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  • "Description of the Microsoft server applications that are supported on Windows Server 2008". Support. Microsoft. 23 April 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  • "Windows Server 2008 System Requirements". TechNet. Microsoft. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  • Henderson, Tom; Dvorak, Rand (21 February 2008). "Windows Server 2008: Faster, more manageable and secure, but still missing the virtual link". Network World. IDG. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  • Radzikowski, Przemek (21 February 2010). "How to Find Build and Revision Number of Windows Vista or Windows Server 2008 Installed". Capitalhead. Capitalhead Pty. Ltd. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  • Stanek, William (2008). Windows Server 2008 Inside Out. Microsoft Press. ISBN978-0-7356-2438-2.

External links [edit]

  • Windows Server Performance Team Blog

How to Install Ntbackup on Windows Server 2008 R2

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008